Indian Cow Breeds Name and Classification (NBAGR Registered 55 Breeds)

India is famous worldwide for its colorful and unique breeds of indigenous cows. Whenever we see a cow in fields or on roads, a natural question arises in the mind: after all, how many breeds of cows are there in India? Which among these is the highest milk‑giving breed? And if I am keeping a cow in my house, which breed is it and how much milk will it give per lactation (after giving birth)?

The official institution that answers these questions is the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) , headquartered in Karnal (Haryana). Under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Breed Registration Committee (BRC) , chaired by the Deputy Director General (DDG) of the Animal Science Division, is the highest recognized authority for the registration of new animal species and breeds in the country. For any breed to be registered, it is necessary that at least 1000 animals of that breed are present in the country.

Currently, NBAGR has registered a total of 55 indigenous cow breeds and 3 crossbred (synthetic) cow breeds of India (According To February , 2026) . Among these, the prominent ones include: Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, Kankrej, Rathi, Hariana, Ongole, Hallikar, Amritmahal, Vechur, Deoni, Kosali, Gaolao, Kathani, Sanchori, Masilum, Medini, Rohilkhandi, Nagori, Krishna Valley, Malvi, Punganur, Kasaragod, Siri, Kherigarh, Motu, Bachaur, Dhanni, Bargur, Kanniyadu, Umblachery, Pulikulam, Alambadi, Nimari, Gond, Gangatiri, Binjharpuri, Kalahandi, Chippiparai, Malnad Gidda, etc.

These breeds are divided into three main categories based on their utility:

• Milch breeds: Reared only for milk production. (e.g., Gir, Sahiwal)
• Dual‑purpose breeds: Give milk and are also useful for farming / carrying loads. (e.g., Hariana, Ongole)
• Draught breeds: Reared mainly for pulling heavy loads through bullocks. (e.g., Amritmahal, Hallikar)

Which is the best breed? It completely depends on your need. If your goal is to obtain high milk and you live in a hot area, then Gir and Sahiwal cows are considered the best. These breeds give more milk on less fodder, are capable of fighting diseases, and their speciality is that they are being successfully reared even in countries like Brazil, America, and Mexico.

It is also interesting to know that India’s first synthetic (mixed) cow is Friswal, which was created by mixing Sahiwal (37.5%) and Holstein Friesian (62.5%), but among pure indigenous breeds, the Gir cow holds a unique and high position.

Globally, cows are classified mainly on two bases: physical structure and utility.

Humped Cattle vs. Humpless Cattle: A Physical Classification

A. Humped Cattle Breeds (Zebu – Bos indicus)

Indigenous breed cows have a fully developed hump and are easily identified by it. This is why they are called Humped Cattle.

Their scientific name is Bos indicus, and they are collectively known as Zebu cattle.

• Zebu cattle have a fully developed dewlap.
• Zebu cattle have fully developed and large horns.
• Despite lower milk production compared to exotic breeds, they have higher disease resistance and are adapted to the Indian climate and fodder.

B. Humpless Cattle Breeds (Exotic – Bos taurus)

These breeds do not have a hump and are mainly native to temperate regions. This is why they are called Humpless Cattle.

Their scientific name is Bos taurus.

• Exotic cattle have a less developed dewlap.
• Exotic cattle have less developed and small horns.
• They are known for high milk production and are often used in cross-breeding with local breeds to combine the traits of higher production and local adaptation. Example: Jersind (Jersey ✕ Red Sindhi).

Classification of Indigenous Cattle Based on Utility

Indian Zebu breeds are divided into three main categories based on their primary utility:

1. Milch Breeds (Milk Breeds)

These breeds are mainly reared for high milk production. They are tolerant to different climatic conditions and produce high-quality milk.

Examples: Gir Cow, Sahiwal Cow, Tharparkar Cow, Rathi Cow, Sanchori Cow, etc.

• Gir: Origin is the Gir forest area of Gujarat. They have a reddish‑brown colour and long, drooping ears. Considered best for milk production.
• Sahiwal: This breed originally belongs to the Punjab region of Pakistan (Montgomery district), but it is also widely reared in India. It is a red‑coloured, calm‑temperament breed.
• Red Sindhi: This breed originates from the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is deep red in colour and has the ability to give good milk even in adverse conditions.
• Tharparkar: Originates from the Thar desert of Rajasthan. It is white or light grey and highly tolerant to drought and hot climates.

2. Dual‑Purpose Breeds

These breeds are equally suitable for both milk production and agricultural work (e.g., ploughing, carrying loads).

Examples: Ongole cow, Hariana, Kankrej, Mewati cow, Dangi, Deoni, Nimari, Nari, etc.

• Hariana: Found in Haryana and neighbouring states, this breed is known for its balanced performance in both tasks.
• Kankrej: This breed from Gujarat and Rajasthan is known for its large size and powerful build. Its special gait is famous as “Sawaichal”.
• Ongole: Originating in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, this breed is extremely powerful. Interestingly, Brazil imported this breed and crossbred it to develop a new breed called Nellore, which is very popular in Brazil today.
• Deoni: This breed developed in the Latur district of Maharashtra from crossing Gir, Dangi, and local breeds. It is a strong and reliable dual‑purpose breed.

3. Draught Indigenous Breeds

These breeds are mainly developed for carrying loads and agricultural work. Their muscles are extremely strong, and they are capable of performing hard physical labour.

Examples: Amritmahal, Nagori, Khillari, Hallikar, Malvi, Vechur, Bachaur, Panwar, Siri, Kangayam, Badri, Pullikulam, Punganur, etc.

• Amritmahal: This breed from Karnataka is considered one of India’s best draught breeds. It was developed by the rulers of Mysore for the “Milk Department” (Amritmahal) to provide strong bullocks for the army.
• Nagori: This breed from Rajasthan is famous for its extraordinary speed and stamina.
• Khillari: This is a major draught breed from Maharashtra, known for its strength and toughness.
• Vechur: This is a dwarf breed from Kerala, which, despite its small size, has good draught capacity. Its milk is also considered highly nutritious.

Total Registered Cattle Breeds in India (2026 Update)

As of February 2026, a total of 242 indigenous livestock and poultry breeds have been registered in the country. In addition, 3 crossbred (synthetic) cow breeds and 1 crossbred sheep breed have also been registered.

In India, as of February 2026, a total of 55 indigenous cow breeds and 3 Synthetic Cattle Breeds are registered. Among them, the prominent breeds are: Gir cow, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, Ongole, Kankrej, Rathi, Sanchori, Deoni, Devni, Vechur, Bachaur, Punganur, Nagori, Amritmahal, Khillari, Kangayam, Hariana.

Top 10 Cow Breeds in Rajasthan: Indigenous Cow Breeds and Their Characteristics

Indigenous Cow Breeds Found in Rajasthan (Cow Breeds Indian)

Top 10 Highest Milk Producing Cow Breed in India (Top 10 Cow Breeds In India)

India’s cows are famous worldwide for their diverse varieties and ability to give milk in all kinds of weather. Some breeds are particularly good in terms of milk production. The list below includes ten breeds that either give the highest milk, or have the highest fat percentage in milk, or have the unique ability to give excellent milk even with little fodder and water.

1. Sahiwal

• Origin region: Punjab (Firozpur, Amritsar) and Rajasthan (Ganganagar)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 2,325 kg (maximum 2,750 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.9% (maximum 5.1%)
  • Age at first calving: 41.7 months (early maturing)

• Special reason: The name of the best indigenous dairy breed.
• According to government data, the combination of Sahiwal’s average milk (2,325 kg) and fat percentage (4.9%) makes it India’s highest milk‑giving indigenous breed. Giving first calf at 41.7 months makes it very profitable to rear.

Read More About : Sahiwal Cow Milk Per Day

2. Sanchori 🎖️

• Origin region: Rajasthan (Sanchor area of Jalore)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 2,769 kg (maximum 3,268 kg)
  • Milk fat: 3.94% (maximum 4.5%)
  • Age at first calving: 29.3 months (very early maturing)
• Special reason: Astonishing milk quantity and short calving intervals.
• This breed is a hidden gem. Because when it comes to highest milk production, Sahiwal is usually mentioned. Sanchori’s name is not heard elsewhere. Average milk of 2,769 kg and first calving at only 29.3 months makes it the most profitable and fastest payback breed among the Top 10 Highest Milk Breeds. Moreover, its calving interval is only 12.4 months, which is much lower than any other breed.

3. Gir

• Origin region: Gujarat (Saurashtra region and Gir forest)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 2,110 kg (maximum up to 3,300 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.6% (maximum 5.1%)
  • Age at first calving: 46 months

• Special reason: High milk production along with tolerance to harsh conditions.
• The biggest strength of the Gir breed is that it keeps giving milk even in the worst conditions, without much fodder. Among indigenous cows, the longest lactation period is of the Gir cow (about 325 days). This breed is also exported abroad (e.g., Brazil, USA) and is known for giving milk over a long period. Figures show it can give up to 3,300 kg of milk, placing it at the top among indigenous breeds.

Read More About : Gir Cow Milk Per Day

4. Red Sindhi

• Origin region: Pakistan (original), found in large organised farms in India.
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 1,840 kg (maximum 2,600 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.5% (maximum 5.2%)
  • Age at first calving: 43.5 months
• Special reason: The most suitable breed for hot and humid areas.
• Red Sindhi is used worldwide in hot countries to improve their local cattle breeds. Its milk‑giving ability (up to 2,600 kg) and disease resistance make it a precious breed for coastal and humid areas.

5. Tharparkar

• Origin region: Rajasthan (Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur) and Gujarat (Kutch)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 1,749 kg (maximum 2,147 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.88% (maximum 4.9%)
  • Age at first calving: 41.0 months (early maturing)
• Special reason: Consistent milk fat even in arid areas.
• The milk fat of this breed remains stable (minimum 4.72% to maximum 4.9%). It continues to give milk even in severe famine and drought. The Tharparkar cow also has the ability to change colour. In Rajasthan, the highest milk‑giving cow is Tharparkar. Its age at first calving (41 months) makes it ready for milk production early.

6. Rathi

• Origin region: Rajasthan (Bikaner, Ganganagar, Jaisalmer)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 1,560 kg (maximum 2,810 kg)
  • Milk fat: exact figure not available (but generally between 4.0% to 5.3%)
  • Age at first calving: 46.4 months
• Special reason: The Rathi cow was created by mixing Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Dhani breeds. It is called Rajasthan’s Kamadhenu. That is, it is the progeny of breeds like Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and Tharparkar.
• The biggest speciality of the Rathi breed is its very high milk‑giving capacity. Where its average is 1,560 kg, the highest recorded milk yield is 2,810 kg. This proves that in a place like the Thar desert, where fodder and water are scarce, this breed fully displays its genetic excellence.

7. Hariana

• Origin region: Haryana (Hisar, Rohtak, Sonipat)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 997 kg (maximum 1,745 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.5% (maximum 5.3%)
  • Age at first calving: 51.3 months
• Special reason: High milk fat and useful for two purposes (milk and farming).
• Hariana is often reared for its bullocks, but the milk of its cows, especially the fat percentage (up to 5.3%), is highly commendable. It is an excellent balanced breed for the plains of North India. Figures show that well‑cared cows can give up to 1,745 kg of milk.

8. Deoni

• Origin region: Maharashtra (Latur, Nanded) and Karnataka (Bidar)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 868 kg (maximum 1,229 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.3% (maximum 5.3%)
  • Age at first calving: 45.7 months
• Special reason: Ability to give the highest fat (5.3%) and strength for heavy work.
• This breed, created from Gir and Dangi, is suitable for farmers who want less but very thick and nutritious A2 milk.

9. Ongole

• Origin region: Andhra Pradesh (Prakasam, Nellore, Guntur)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 798 kg
  • Milk fat: 3.79%
  • Age at first calving: 45.5 months
  • Calf birth weight: 27 kg (highest in the list, meaning strong calves)
• Special reason: A2 milk quality and global demand.
• Although Ongole’s milk record is lower than others, this breed is recognised worldwide for its A2 beta‑casein protein milk. It is the only breed that America, Brazil and Australia have imported for both meat and milk. Its ability to survive on dry fodder and remain disease‑free makes it very important for future milk production.

10. Nimari

• Origin region: Madhya Pradesh (Kharagone, Barwani)
• Key performance figures:
  • Average milk per lactation: 766.9 kg (maximum 954 kg)
  • Milk fat: 4.9%
  • Age at first calving: 54.1 months
• Special reason: Highest fat milk (almost 5%).
• Although Nimari is mainly used for draught work, its value for milk is due to its high fat content. Milk with 4.9% fat is very valuable for ghee and sweet makers. This breed, created from Gir and Khillar, is capable of giving good quality milk even in difficult areas.

Main Summary

The analysis of government data above clearly shows that not just one or two, but many breeds from different corners of India are excellent in milk production.

• For high quantity milk production: Sanchori and Sahiwal are at the forefront.
• For milk fat and quality: Deoni and Nimari are the best.
• For difficult and adverse conditions: Gir, Rathi and Tharparkar are outstanding.
• For early calving and early milk production: Sanchori (29.3 months) is ahead.

Top 5 Best Cow Breeds in India for Dual Purpose (Milk & Draught)

1. Kankrej
2. Hariana
3. Deoni
4. Ongole
5. Nimari